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Tom Lewis
TL
Tom Lewis
10 months ago

I think, what is becoming abundantly clear, is that European ‘civilisation’ is not random chance, and that it didn’t come without sacrifice, hard work, and a fair bit of luck. It didn’t ‘just’ happen, by accidental and, given a bit of lipstick (You can give a pig lipstick, but it’s still a pig), or the facets of Western European institutions doesn’t necessarily, and the odds are probably not good, turn a country into that European success story. European success is not a veneer, it is more than a bunch of institutions, or laws, it is a journey that has been traveled (somewhat erratically) over a couple of thousand years. It can’t just be ‘smeared’ ‘liberally’ hoping that it will hide the ‘sometimes’ savage teeth and claws of the places it imposes itself upon, whatever the intentions.
I’m not saying that European culture and civilisation is perfect, or that it can’t take lessons from elsewhere, far from it, but, possibly, in much the same way we look back on the Roman or Ancient Greek worlds, our descendants might also muse, in centuries to come, at our hubris, and complacency at what we had.

Last edited 10 months ago by Tom Lewis
Samir Iker
SI
Samir Iker
10 months ago
Reply to  Tom Lewis

European civilisation has certainly been an unimaginable force for good in recent centuries (though from the viewpoint of most of the remaining world, until a few decades back, the positive impact of European science was more than offset by the negative impact of colonialism – both European and “other”, though the latter is not politically correct to mention).

And there were certain unique aspects driving it – the concepts of law, rationality, scientific approach, merit.
it is genuinely a pity, and a serious negative for humanity, that Europe is turning it’s back on those founding principles.
However, I would suggest the impact is going to be less severe now, because those concepts have become much more broadly accepted and disseminated.

What is probably forgotten that European “civilisation” has lagged behind Asian cultures (China, India, Persia) for pretty much all of history except for the last few centuries. In medicine, astronomy, maths, philosophy, mechanical inventions. Regions like South Africa, despite the desperate attempts by Wakandists, never amounted to much. But China and increasingly India are going to pick up on terms of contributions to science and human progress.
And you already see that here in Western countries already, if you go to a STEM or medicine class, and observe the ethnic mix.
The one thing that I think would be lost, and is unique to western countries, is a culture of risk taking, humour and irreverence towards authority. That is a big part of Western “civilisation” and not as easily replicated.

Lesley van Reenen
LV
Lesley van Reenen
10 months ago
Reply to  Samir Iker

I agree with a lot of this, but irreverence towards (ludicrous) authority in the West? This doesn’t seem to be true to any great extent any longer. Look how quickly people rolled over during lockdowns. At least there was significant push back in South Africa.

Warren Trees
WT
Warren Trees
10 months ago
Reply to  Samir Iker

“Only 12.3% of South Africans pay income tax, and this figure is diminishing. Meanwhile 47% of all South Africans draw state grants, rising to 62% of the black population, and this is growing. Unemployment is at an all-time high of 32.9%.”
The odd thing about this information is that if one believes it describes a completely untenable situation, or is a sign of failed government, you must be racist. Therefore, what other than war is the answer to purge ourselves from this insanity?

Andy JS
AJ
Andy JS
10 months ago
Reply to  Samir Iker

There’s a lot of evidence that China is going to destroy itself, due to an irresponsible attitude to technology.

Arthur G
AG
Arthur G
10 months ago
Reply to  Andy JS

Not to mention a looming demographic catastrophe. Now that couples can have more than one child, they don’t want too. Urban living is too expensive, and the future too grim, in a 1984-esque techno-surveillance state.

Samir Iker
SI
Samir Iker
10 months ago
Reply to  Andy JS

There are systemic issues in China, but at least they are building a strong country in terms of infrastructure and scientific progress. And of course they steal a lot of technology, but the basic scientific potential of their population, both in terms of average IQ and number of people, is undeniable and unmatched.
Pity though they aren’t a democracy. Would mean a better and more secure planet in every way possible.

Albert McGloan
Albert McGloan
10 months ago
Reply to  Samir Iker

Why do you think China would be significantly different if it were a democracy?

Albert McGloan
Albert McGloan
10 months ago
Reply to  Samir Iker

Why do you think China would be significantly different if it were a democracy?

Arthur G
AG
Arthur G
10 months ago
Reply to  Andy JS

Not to mention a looming demographic catastrophe. Now that couples can have more than one child, they don’t want too. Urban living is too expensive, and the future too grim, in a 1984-esque techno-surveillance state.

Samir Iker
SI
Samir Iker
10 months ago
Reply to  Andy JS

There are systemic issues in China, but at least they are building a strong country in terms of infrastructure and scientific progress. And of course they steal a lot of technology, but the basic scientific potential of their population, both in terms of average IQ and number of people, is undeniable and unmatched.
Pity though they aren’t a democracy. Would mean a better and more secure planet in every way possible.

Sam Brown
SB
Sam Brown
10 months ago
Reply to  Samir Iker

Name some major advances that have benefitted the entire world, and that haven’t just relied on cheap labour, that have originated in either China or India in the last 500 years?

Lesley van Reenen
LV
Lesley van Reenen
10 months ago
Reply to  Samir Iker

I agree with a lot of this, but irreverence towards (ludicrous) authority in the West? This doesn’t seem to be true to any great extent any longer. Look how quickly people rolled over during lockdowns. At least there was significant push back in South Africa.

Warren Trees
WT
Warren Trees
10 months ago
Reply to  Samir Iker

“Only 12.3% of South Africans pay income tax, and this figure is diminishing. Meanwhile 47% of all South Africans draw state grants, rising to 62% of the black population, and this is growing. Unemployment is at an all-time high of 32.9%.”
The odd thing about this information is that if one believes it describes a completely untenable situation, or is a sign of failed government, you must be racist. Therefore, what other than war is the answer to purge ourselves from this insanity?

Andy JS
AJ
Andy JS
10 months ago
Reply to  Samir Iker

There’s a lot of evidence that China is going to destroy itself, due to an irresponsible attitude to technology.

Sam Brown
SB
Sam Brown
10 months ago
Reply to  Samir Iker

Name some major advances that have benefitted the entire world, and that haven’t just relied on cheap labour, that have originated in either China or India in the last 500 years?

Andy JS
AJ
Andy JS
10 months ago
Reply to  Tom Lewis

Singapore has done a very good job of imitating the best aspects of European civilisation without the bad parts. And that’s with a multiracial population which usually means things don’t go well. It shows what can be achieved with the right attitude.

T Bone
TB
T Bone
10 months ago
Reply to  Andy JS

Right but it’s a short-lived country of 5 million people living in an effective one-party government. If you flush a country with Capital and contain dissidents you can do great things…temporarily.

T Bone
TB
T Bone
10 months ago
Reply to  Andy JS

Right but it’s a short-lived country of 5 million people living in an effective one-party government. If you flush a country with Capital and contain dissidents you can do great things…temporarily.

Samir Iker
SI
Samir Iker
10 months ago
Reply to  Tom Lewis

European civilisation has certainly been an unimaginable force for good in recent centuries (though from the viewpoint of most of the remaining world, until a few decades back, the positive impact of European science was more than offset by the negative impact of colonialism – both European and “other”, though the latter is not politically correct to mention).

And there were certain unique aspects driving it – the concepts of law, rationality, scientific approach, merit.
it is genuinely a pity, and a serious negative for humanity, that Europe is turning it’s back on those founding principles.
However, I would suggest the impact is going to be less severe now, because those concepts have become much more broadly accepted and disseminated.

What is probably forgotten that European “civilisation” has lagged behind Asian cultures (China, India, Persia) for pretty much all of history except for the last few centuries. In medicine, astronomy, maths, philosophy, mechanical inventions. Regions like South Africa, despite the desperate attempts by Wakandists, never amounted to much. But China and increasingly India are going to pick up on terms of contributions to science and human progress.
And you already see that here in Western countries already, if you go to a STEM or medicine class, and observe the ethnic mix.
The one thing that I think would be lost, and is unique to western countries, is a culture of risk taking, humour and irreverence towards authority. That is a big part of Western “civilisation” and not as easily replicated.

Andy JS
AJ
Andy JS
10 months ago
Reply to  Tom Lewis

Singapore has done a very good job of imitating the best aspects of European civilisation without the bad parts. And that’s with a multiracial population which usually means things don’t go well. It shows what can be achieved with the right attitude.

Tom Lewis
TL
Tom Lewis
10 months ago

I think, what is becoming abundantly clear, is that European ‘civilisation’ is not random chance, and that it didn’t come without sacrifice, hard work, and a fair bit of luck. It didn’t ‘just’ happen, by accidental and, given a bit of lipstick (You can give a pig lipstick, but it’s still a pig), or the facets of Western European institutions doesn’t necessarily, and the odds are probably not good, turn a country into that European success story. European success is not a veneer, it is more than a bunch of institutions, or laws, it is a journey that has been traveled (somewhat erratically) over a couple of thousand years. It can’t just be ‘smeared’ ‘liberally’ hoping that it will hide the ‘sometimes’ savage teeth and claws of the places it imposes itself upon, whatever the intentions.
I’m not saying that European culture and civilisation is perfect, or that it can’t take lessons from elsewhere, far from it, but, possibly, in much the same way we look back on the Roman or Ancient Greek worlds, our descendants might also muse, in centuries to come, at our hubris, and complacency at what we had.

Last edited 10 months ago by Tom Lewis
John Murray
JM
John Murray
10 months ago

“certainly not the impressionable President Cyril Ramaphosa, who drifts like kelp in the coastal currents of the Western Cape seas”
Amidst a pretty grim piece of reading, that is a lovely turn of phrase.

Peter Joy
PJ
Peter Joy
10 months ago
Reply to  John Murray

True. You instantly picture it in your mind’s eye: the epitome of a good metaphor. One that seems equally applicable to PMs Rishi Sunak and Boris Johnson, unfortunately.

Peter Joy
PJ
Peter Joy
10 months ago
Reply to  John Murray

True. You instantly picture it in your mind’s eye: the epitome of a good metaphor. One that seems equally applicable to PMs Rishi Sunak and Boris Johnson, unfortunately.

John Murray
JM
John Murray
10 months ago

“certainly not the impressionable President Cyril Ramaphosa, who drifts like kelp in the coastal currents of the Western Cape seas”
Amidst a pretty grim piece of reading, that is a lovely turn of phrase.

N Satori
NS
N Satori
10 months ago

This line from fourth to last paragraph:

…a self-induced crisis: panicked, clumsy, shortsighted, self-serving, and harmful. Inevitably, it ends in farce or tragedy… 

…this seems to be (only slightly out of context) a fair summing up of black-dominated governance throughout Africa and beyond. Our ever-virtuous advocates of equity should be careful what they wish for.

N Satori
NS
N Satori
10 months ago

This line from fourth to last paragraph:

…a self-induced crisis: panicked, clumsy, shortsighted, self-serving, and harmful. Inevitably, it ends in farce or tragedy… 

…this seems to be (only slightly out of context) a fair summing up of black-dominated governance throughout Africa and beyond. Our ever-virtuous advocates of equity should be careful what they wish for.

Charles Stanhope
CS
Charles Stanhope
10 months ago

Well surprise, surprise!

I seem to recall that when the BBC’s Fergal Keane( aka ‘the voice of misery’ *) was covering the Independence celebrations with his saccharine commentary, many in my Club said it would “end in tears” and so it has proved!

Four centuries of ‘white’ progress all but destroyed in a mere thirty years, and for what?

(* Closely rivalled by Ms Orla Guerin it must be said.)

Last edited 10 months ago by Charles Stanhope
Nicky Samengo-Turner
NS
Nicky Samengo-Turner
10 months ago

Keane is sub pond life

Nicky Samengo-Turner
NS
Nicky Samengo-Turner
10 months ago

Keane is sub pond life

Charles Stanhope
CS
Charles Stanhope
10 months ago

Well surprise, surprise!

I seem to recall that when the BBC’s Fergal Keane( aka ‘the voice of misery’ *) was covering the Independence celebrations with his saccharine commentary, many in my Club said it would “end in tears” and so it has proved!

Four centuries of ‘white’ progress all but destroyed in a mere thirty years, and for what?

(* Closely rivalled by Ms Orla Guerin it must be said.)

Last edited 10 months ago by Charles Stanhope
Nicky Samengo-Turner
NS
Nicky Samengo-Turner
10 months ago

Oooh… I thought that South Africa was a booming democracy, and like the rest of Africa in the forefront of industrialpower, culture, learning, academe, medical science, finance, manufacturing, and criss crossed by state of the art trains and roads? Surely it is racist not to believe this?

Nicky Samengo-Turner
NS
Nicky Samengo-Turner
10 months ago

Oooh… I thought that South Africa was a booming democracy, and like the rest of Africa in the forefront of industrialpower, culture, learning, academe, medical science, finance, manufacturing, and criss crossed by state of the art trains and roads? Surely it is racist not to believe this?

Pete Marsh
PM
Pete Marsh
10 months ago

“Firstly, the ANC will stick to its catastrophic redistributive economic policies rather than pursuing growth.”
Well they were originally communists, sponsored by the USSR when it existed.
Any European heritage South Africans should leave (even if their ancestors went there in the 1600s), as it’s difficult to see them being anything other than scapegoats and targets when SA implodes.

Lesley van Reenen
LV
Lesley van Reenen
10 months ago
Reply to  Pete Marsh

Go where? The US southern border?

Warren Trees
WT
Warren Trees
10 months ago

Perhaps Panama?

Lesley van Reenen
LV
Lesley van Reenen
10 months ago
Reply to  Warren Trees

My cousin is going there… I will take my chances here rather than going to Panama. It is all a balance of age and money. It is too easy to say just leave.
Further, the chance of the new ‘health’ initiative actually coming to pass is considered unlikely. This is major posturing before a general election and they have to jump through hoops to get this passed. As for expediting – they have zero chance. If this comes to fruition it is time to drink the kool-aid.

Last edited 10 months ago by Lesley van Reenen
Charles Stanhope
CS
Charles Stanhope
10 months ago

Texas?
A couple of my friends left S A a few years ago and headed for Australia! A big mistake as it turned out….….far, far too WOKE!

So now they are safely ensconced in Texas, USA.

Last edited 10 months ago by Charles Stanhope
Lesley van Reenen
LV
Lesley van Reenen
10 months ago

I do want the ocean…. And I’m not sure the US would want me anyway.

chris sullivan
CS
chris sullivan
10 months ago

NZ – the only sensible choice….

chris sullivan
CS
chris sullivan
10 months ago

NZ – the only sensible choice….

Kat L
KL
Kat L
10 months ago

Texas isn’t assured. Cities are all blue.

Lesley van Reenen
LV
Lesley van Reenen
10 months ago

I do want the ocean…. And I’m not sure the US would want me anyway.

Kat L
KL
Kat L
10 months ago

Texas isn’t assured. Cities are all blue.

Charles Stanhope
CS
Charles Stanhope
10 months ago

Texas?
A couple of my friends left S A a few years ago and headed for Australia! A big mistake as it turned out….….far, far too WOKE!

So now they are safely ensconced in Texas, USA.

Last edited 10 months ago by Charles Stanhope
Lesley van Reenen
LV
Lesley van Reenen
10 months ago
Reply to  Warren Trees

My cousin is going there… I will take my chances here rather than going to Panama. It is all a balance of age and money. It is too easy to say just leave.
Further, the chance of the new ‘health’ initiative actually coming to pass is considered unlikely. This is major posturing before a general election and they have to jump through hoops to get this passed. As for expediting – they have zero chance. If this comes to fruition it is time to drink the kool-aid.

Last edited 10 months ago by Lesley van Reenen
Peter B
PB
Peter B
10 months ago

A lot have already left to go Australia and the UK – doubtless also the US. If we are still to have any choice in who we allow into this country, I’d put these people pretty high up the list – generally hard-working, honest, no nonsense types not afraid to have to start again in a new country and not expecting handouts.

Lesley van Reenen
LV
Lesley van Reenen
10 months ago
Reply to  Peter B

You have to have claim to ancestry, or have loads or cash. Easier to bob in on a boat.

Lesley van Reenen
LV
Lesley van Reenen
10 months ago
Reply to  Peter B

You have to have claim to ancestry, or have loads or cash. Easier to bob in on a boat.

Peter Joy
PJ
Peter Joy
10 months ago

Latin America, or anywhere that places a value on honest, solid, skilled, hardworking citizens.

Last edited 10 months ago by Peter Joy
Warren Trees
WT
Warren Trees
10 months ago

Perhaps Panama?

Peter B
PB
Peter B
10 months ago

A lot have already left to go Australia and the UK – doubtless also the US. If we are still to have any choice in who we allow into this country, I’d put these people pretty high up the list – generally hard-working, honest, no nonsense types not afraid to have to start again in a new country and not expecting handouts.

Peter Joy
PJ
Peter Joy
10 months ago

Latin America, or anywhere that places a value on honest, solid, skilled, hardworking citizens.

Last edited 10 months ago by Peter Joy
Brian Kullman
BK
Brian Kullman
10 months ago
Reply to  Pete Marsh

In general it is only the young who leave when their future looks grim. The old lack the energy to start anew, and have financial ties (or handcuffs) to their current circumstances. Once established, the young may reach back and gather in older family members.

Margaret F
MF
Margaret F
10 months ago
Reply to  Pete Marsh

It is a crime that these people are not given priority status as refugees. They should be at the front of any immigration queue.

Lesley van Reenen
LV
Lesley van Reenen
10 months ago
Reply to  Pete Marsh

Go where? The US southern border?

Brian Kullman
BK
Brian Kullman
10 months ago
Reply to  Pete Marsh

In general it is only the young who leave when their future looks grim. The old lack the energy to start anew, and have financial ties (or handcuffs) to their current circumstances. Once established, the young may reach back and gather in older family members.

Margaret F
MF
Margaret F
10 months ago
Reply to  Pete Marsh

It is a crime that these people are not given priority status as refugees. They should be at the front of any immigration queue.

Pete Marsh
PM
Pete Marsh
10 months ago

“Firstly, the ANC will stick to its catastrophic redistributive economic policies rather than pursuing growth.”
Well they were originally communists, sponsored by the USSR when it existed.
Any European heritage South Africans should leave (even if their ancestors went there in the 1600s), as it’s difficult to see them being anything other than scapegoats and targets when SA implodes.

Lesley van Reenen
LV
Lesley van Reenen
10 months ago

Most of this piece is depressingly true, but I will add the caveat that the USA, for example, is no longer a shining example of a democracy with fabulous human rights. It is all theatre.

Arthur G
AG
Arthur G
10 months ago

Not what we once were, but still a damn sight better that 95% of countries.

Arthur G
AG
Arthur G
10 months ago

Not what we once were, but still a damn sight better that 95% of countries.

Lesley van Reenen
LV
Lesley van Reenen
10 months ago

Most of this piece is depressingly true, but I will add the caveat that the USA, for example, is no longer a shining example of a democracy with fabulous human rights. It is all theatre.

Stephen Walsh
SW
Stephen Walsh
10 months ago

As we are, they once were. As they are, we will be.

Charles Stanhope
CS
Charles Stanhope
10 months ago
Reply to  Stephen Walsh

Momento mori.

Charles Stanhope
CS
Charles Stanhope
10 months ago
Reply to  Stephen Walsh

Momento mori.

Stephen Walsh
SW
Stephen Walsh
10 months ago

As we are, they once were. As they are, we will be.

Peter Joy
PJ
Peter Joy
10 months ago

Jeez, it’s a comprehensive economic and social catastrophe. Like the country formerly known as Great Britain, but slightly worse.
Well what did people expect the result of ending white rule to be? It’s not as if 30 years of post-colonial sub-Saharan Africa hadn’t provided the template, 20 or 30 times over.

Peter Joy
PJ
Peter Joy
10 months ago

Jeez, it’s a comprehensive economic and social catastrophe. Like the country formerly known as Great Britain, but slightly worse.
Well what did people expect the result of ending white rule to be? It’s not as if 30 years of post-colonial sub-Saharan Africa hadn’t provided the template, 20 or 30 times over.

Kirk Susong
KS
Kirk Susong
10 months ago

Is there any way to determine if the average black South African was happier, healthier, more satisfied with life, under apartheid or under the ANC?

gordon markey
GM
gordon markey
10 months ago
Reply to  Kirk Susong

About 15 yrs ago whilst on hols in SA I bought a local paper up in Camps Bay that had done a poll that said 45% of black people thought they were better off under apartheid. An appalling indightment of the illiterate and incompetent ANC. All decent people in SA should rally round the genuine liberal anti corruption parties and vote them in. Inter-alia, there should be integrated schooling and housing and no more reference to “black” “white” “coloured” people. Just humans , working hard to get a potentially fantastic country out of the ANC gutter.

Nicky Samengo-Turner
NS
Nicky Samengo-Turner
10 months ago
Reply to  gordon markey

ha ha! Serves them right!

Nicky Samengo-Turner
NS
Nicky Samengo-Turner
10 months ago
Reply to  gordon markey

ha ha! Serves them right!

Peter Joy
PJ
Peter Joy
10 months ago
Reply to  Kirk Susong

He was certainly safer from crime under Apartheid, in the round, and better fed and housed.

gordon markey
GM
gordon markey
10 months ago
Reply to  Kirk Susong

About 15 yrs ago whilst on hols in SA I bought a local paper up in Camps Bay that had done a poll that said 45% of black people thought they were better off under apartheid. An appalling indightment of the illiterate and incompetent ANC. All decent people in SA should rally round the genuine liberal anti corruption parties and vote them in. Inter-alia, there should be integrated schooling and housing and no more reference to “black” “white” “coloured” people. Just humans , working hard to get a potentially fantastic country out of the ANC gutter.

Peter Joy
PJ
Peter Joy
10 months ago
Reply to  Kirk Susong

He was certainly safer from crime under Apartheid, in the round, and better fed and housed.

Kirk Susong
KS
Kirk Susong
10 months ago

Is there any way to determine if the average black South African was happier, healthier, more satisfied with life, under apartheid or under the ANC?

Cho Jinn
CJ
Cho Jinn
10 months ago

Excellent article.

Cho Jinn
CJ
Cho Jinn
10 months ago

Excellent article.

Tony Taylor
TT
Tony Taylor
10 months ago

There have been a few articles at Unherd about South Africa, and they all amount to the same thing: South Africans will soon pine for the luxury of Zimbabwe.

Tony Taylor
TT
Tony Taylor
10 months ago

There have been a few articles at Unherd about South Africa, and they all amount to the same thing: South Africans will soon pine for the luxury of Zimbabwe.

Margaret F
MF
Margaret F
10 months ago

Yet another well thought out article that demonstrates that the zenith of African history was the period of European colonialism. The question is how many of these do we need to read before we realize that, with open borders, we are looking into our own future. Oh, and btw, that guy in the photo is probably singing their de-facto national anthem “Kill the White Farmer” which was just recently ruled NOT to be hate speech. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6NJitdq8Bk

Margaret F
MF
Margaret F
10 months ago

Yet another well thought out article that demonstrates that the zenith of African history was the period of European colonialism. The question is how many of these do we need to read before we realize that, with open borders, we are looking into our own future. Oh, and btw, that guy in the photo is probably singing their de-facto national anthem “Kill the White Farmer” which was just recently ruled NOT to be hate speech. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6NJitdq8Bk

Julian Pellatt
C
Julian Pellatt
10 months ago

The ‘colonialism = BAD!’ line of argument is shallow and of no value to discussion (as distinct from political debate). In the modern context its orientation is anti-European and therefore racist. What about the earlier colonisation of southern Africa by Bantu people out of the Congo basin during the centuries before European colonisation commenced? These Bantu colonisers displaced and wiped out the indigenous Khoi San bushman peoples who’d populated the land from time immemorial (and whose remnants lead a harsh existence in the Kalahari desert where nobody else wished to settle). At least the Khoi San peoples left behind a visual record of their lives in their former savannah homelands in the form of exquisite rock art.

Julian Pellatt
C
Julian Pellatt
10 months ago

The ‘colonialism = BAD!’ line of argument is shallow and of no value to discussion (as distinct from political debate). In the modern context its orientation is anti-European and therefore racist. What about the earlier colonisation of southern Africa by Bantu people out of the Congo basin during the centuries before European colonisation commenced? These Bantu colonisers displaced and wiped out the indigenous Khoi San bushman peoples who’d populated the land from time immemorial (and whose remnants lead a harsh existence in the Kalahari desert where nobody else wished to settle). At least the Khoi San peoples left behind a visual record of their lives in their former savannah homelands in the form of exquisite rock art.

Nathan Ngumi
NN
Nathan Ngumi
10 months ago

A great reflection, difficult times ahead for South Africa…

Nathan Ngumi
NN
Nathan Ngumi
10 months ago

A great reflection, difficult times ahead for South Africa…

Rob C
RC
Rob C
10 months ago

Shebeen = pub according to google. I think we may see a color revolution sponsored by the CIA if the elections don’t go the way the U.S. wants.

Charles Stanhope
CS
Charles Stanhope
10 months ago
Reply to  Rob C

Or ‘The Eagle and Child’ perhaps?

Kat L
KL
Kat L
10 months ago
Reply to  Rob C

Perhaps but we are stretched thin with our own upheavals. We are imploding.

Charles Stanhope
CS
Charles Stanhope
10 months ago
Reply to  Rob C

Or ‘The Eagle and Child’ perhaps?

Kat L
KL
Kat L
10 months ago
Reply to  Rob C

Perhaps but we are stretched thin with our own upheavals. We are imploding.

Rob C
RC
Rob C
10 months ago

Shebeen = pub according to google. I think we may see a color revolution sponsored by the CIA if the elections don’t go the way the U.S. wants.

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