In the weeks following its capture of Afghanistan, sympathy for the Taliban emerged from an unlikely corner of the internet: the online far-Right. In awe of the Islamist terrorist organisation’s martial spirit and revolt against liberalism, a number of online dissidents took to framing the Taliban fighters as heroes on social media. From caricaturing them as ‘Chads’ (alpha males) to sharing images of other Islamist groups with captions like ‘Wahabi boy summer’ (a play on the nationalist ‘white boy summer’ slogan), many of the memes notoriously associated with fringe digital subcultures were suddenly absorbed into discussion around terrorism — including by Taliban members themselves.
This use of far-Right tropes — in particular, the Chad vs Wojak dichotomy — is telling of the two groups’ mutual mourning over modern ‘degeneracy’ and the ‘decline of the West’. But this alliance also throws a spoke in the wheel for the conventional narrative surrounding Islam and the Right.
After all, in both fringe and mainstream conservative discourses, Islam is loathed as a prime culprit driving societal decline. Whether it takes the form of European white nationalist groups such as Generation Identity blaming Muslim immigration for the ‘great replacement’ or Right-wing newspaper columnists deeming it a ‘threat to our liberal values’, hostility towards Islam seems to be a defining feature on the modern Right. No less ambiguous is Islamists’ own hostility towards the Right as the vanguard of the Western culture that they oppose; for both parties, a convergence with one another would seem paradoxical.
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Islamism and the Left, on the other hand, appear to make far more intuitive allies. Most recently, it has been suggested that some Islamists may be actively co-opting ‘wokeness’ and camouflaging their agenda in the language of diversity and inclusion. But well outside the sphere of extremism, the so-called Islamo-Leftist alliance is a well-established source of analysis. A number of mainstream trends reveal the extent of a relationship between Islam and the Left, from the crossover of Muslim and Leftist causes among student activists to the fact that Western Muslims statistically tend to vote for Left-wing parties.
Yet this alliance is not without its own tensions: the modern Left has an uneasy relationship with traditional religion, and struggles to incorporate moral absolutism, spiritual hierarchies, and the submission to a Divine order that is integral to Islam. In other words, while the modern Left seeks to break down ‘grand narratives’, Islam is a grand narrative, and one imbued with a profound metaphysical potency at that.
[su_unherd_related fttitle="Suggested reading" author="John Lichfield"]https://staging.unherd.com/2021/03/macron-stuck-between-left-and-right-on-islamism/[/su_unherd_related]
This is not to overlook the fact that there have been numerous attempts to systematically converge Islamic and Leftist political philosophy. Most prominently in the 20th century, movements such as the Islamic socialism of the Iranian Revolution or the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party sought to achieve their political aims through means which were, or at least strived to be, theologically sincere. It is also notable that this kind of Leftism, which was closer to orthodox Marxism, was more sympathetic to grand narratives than its contemporary forms where postmodern currents prevail (leaving aside the overtly anti-religious sentiments of Marx himself, that is).
Today, attempts by Western Leftists to form alliances with Muslims often overlook religious narratives: unsurprisingly, Islamic theological and intellectual traditions do not take centre stage in secular activism. Though modern Leftists — committed to showing solidarity with minority groups — may represent the identities of Muslims, they struggle to represent the values of Muslims. Incorporating their traditional beliefs would involve revising their own secular (and ironically, modern Western) biases, which, despite efforts to ‘decolonise the mind’, they are often reluctant to do.
In effect, the modern Left’s concern with religion boils down to identity politics; an impetus, perhaps, for practising Muslims to gravitate to the other side of the ideological spectrum. But religion is also relegated to identity politics on the modern Right, where the term ‘culturally Christian’ is commonplace. Self-styled ‘anti-woke’ commentators may invoke Christianity in their paeans for a return to tradition, but this often gives precedence to the cultural and aesthetic residues of the religion over its metaphysical and moral precepts. As far as ideology is concerned, more faith is placed in the axioms of the European Enlightenment — individual liberty, free speech and, ironically, secularism — than those of traditional Christianity, now reduced to little more than a signifier of Western heritage.
[su_unherd_related fttitle="Suggested reading" author="Ayaan Hirsi Ali"]https://staging.unherd.com/2021/10/progressives-are-a-gift-to-islamism/[/su_unherd_related]
It follows that the Right’s contempt towards Islam does not come so much from a theological defence of Christianity, but a cultural one. Likewise, the Left’s representation of Muslims, owing to its own secular biases, also ends up reducing Islam to a cultural entity. In effect, theological and metaphysical considerations have been rendered obsolete on both the Left and the Right when it comes to religion.
This points, among other things, to a major shift within the Right: traditionally, it was the Right that served to uphold religious principles, including moral absolutism, spiritual hierarchies and, in a way, submission to a Divine order. But fixated as it now is on individual liberty, free speech and secularism, the modern Right overlooks this. And in relocating its origins to the European Enlightenment, it forgets that the conservative tradition was itself born out of a hesitation towards the Enlightenment.
Roger Scruton — one of the last philosophers to defend conservatism as a counterweight to the Enlightenment, rather than a full embrace of it — saw it necessary for politics to have a metaphysical dimension. Following Edmund Burke, Michael Oakeshott and Matthew Arnold, he remained true to the origins of British conservatism as a reaction against the excesses of liberalism and secularism. This conservatism was, he wrote, “a defence of tradition against calls for popular religion and high culture against the materialist doctrine of progress”.
With this in mind, the notion of an alliance between Islam and the Right begins to make sense. Islam poses many of the same challenges to Enlightenment liberalism as the English conservative tradition once did, with both traditions recognising the social and spiritual dangers of modern materialism. Islam, in a sense, fulfils Scruton’s definition of ‘metaphysical conservatism’ as a defence of sacred things against desecration. But today, the modern Right is more concerned with defending free speech against ‘wokeness’, individual liberties against collectivism, and freedom against censorship than sacred things against desecration.
[su_unherd_related fttitle="Suggested reading" author="Kunwar Khuldune Shahid"]https://staging.unherd.com/2021/12/how-the-west-enables-islamism/[/su_unherd_related]
What does this tell us about the alleged alliance between Islam and the far-Right? Since the mainstream Right has become indifferent towards traditional values, their ideological debris has drifted downstream to be claimed by fringe subcultures. But these fragments, severed from their original contexts, have been misappropriated to suit hateful ideologies that are just as unmoored from religious virtues. Defences of gender roles, the family and community, for example, are often articulated through crude biological reductionism rather than spiritual concerns. Whether it’s the blood and soil paganism of Neo-Nazis or the New Atheism of hardline rationalists, much of today’s far-Right is just as materialistic and hostile towards traditional religion.
The fact that many look for or encounter traditional ideas in these extremist subcultures is telling of the fact that these ideas are severely underrepresented in political discourse. This was once a role fulfilled by the Right. Yet modern conservatism’s embrace of liberalism and secularism, despite originating as a counterweight to these Enlightenment ideologies, excludes those wishing to defend the sacred. Without representation of such concerns, ‘dissidents’ will continue to drift to extremes — even if it means promoting a group as nefarious as the Taliban.
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SubscribeThe problem that I have with articles of this kind is that I have no idea how the author defines certain terms. What exactly is it to be far right, online right or alt-right? They seem to be terms that mean whatever you want them to mean to fit the occasion, though I note that they are often used merely as terms of abuse to be deployed against those who disagree with you on some issue or other, whether or not that issue has any real political dimension. We seem to be living at a time when political debate has been debased to the point where it consists of meaningless noise. As for Roger Scruton, the great man should be left in peace.
Couldn’t agree more.
I could not read her tripe after the first couple paragraphs. Left wing liberal butterfly trapped in her bubble and no idea of the real world outside… the bogeyman ‘Far Right’ of her imagination being conjured up. Another witch-finder General, witches may not exist in reality – but these guys will still find them and tell us all about the danger of them….
I have access to OpenAI, a site where you can access very impressive Artificial Intelligence software for experimentation and product development. One thing you can do with this is to write a story. The basic idea is that you provide some starting sentences, and then the software writes the following sentence(s). You then add the next sentence, and the software adds another sentence, ad infinitum. If you first start using it it is quite uncanny how these stories unfold. Very, very, impressive. Since it comes from a program that absorbed trillions of facts, I had the assumption that the underlying facts & logic were irreproachable. I was wrong, the stories tend to be surprisingly nonsensical. (It works amazingly for fiction though.)
This article closely resembles such a session.
As a test, I used the first sentence (bold) of the article as a seed:
Quite amazing how the AI finds the same tone of voice … and how utterly ridiculous the statement is upon reflection.
A perfect summary of the article.
Crikey!
You should do this for all Unherd articles. Sort the wheat from the chaff!
Honest people with some knowledge in programming or computer science will find this comment nonsensical, while other people may find it powerful because they get intimidated by it.
The demand for Far Right (to validate the far left?) continues to exceed the supply, even after scraping the bottom of the barrel.
Right wing:
– Take some fringe nutters
– Call them “far right”
– Conflate routine conservative views with the second called “far right”
– Malign all conservatives as supposedly backward
BLM, Islam, democrats etc:
– Those involved in violence, terror acts, grooming gangs, joining ISIS are “radicals”
– Somehow those radicals are viewed separately from “normal” members of the group: even though those “normal” share the same views and support their tactics
– Absolve those groups of all blame. “Not all XYZ do that, you phobic / racist etc”
Nazism (and therefore neo-Nazism) is the far left, not the far right. Confusing the right with the left may explain some of the author’s other surprising claims.
Nazis accepted private property and valued things like loyalty to the nation and heroism. They cooperated with the capitalists who incidentally still for the most part exist today as they did back then (e.g. Siemens paid a large sum of money to the descendants of the slave labourers they used at the time). Given these, I’d argue Nazis were part of a “progressive-right” which doesn’t exist in explicit form today as far as I know. In that sense, there’s probably an argument to be made that today’s Progressives while including parts of the identitarian left are concealing a progressive-right element within. The subtext of this earlier article, in my view, may have been about that:
https://staging.unherd.com/2021/12/why-macron-is-a-superman/
I’m not surprised that this is happening. In their embrace of managerialism, feminism and sexual politics, Western societies have become simultaneously decadent and boringly safe. Young men need ways in which to prove themselves and our societies no longer provide this. I even think it’s safe to say that many boys these days are raised in an environment that acts passively aggressive toward them. Corridors of upward social mobility are being closed off to them, and even a college degree is no longer a surefire ticket to a fulfilling career.
A society that turns against its men should not be surprised when its men turn their backs to it. Many educated people believe that Judaeo-Christian patriarchic norms were originally put in place to control women. That may be true to a degree, but they were mostly there to encourage masculine virtues like honor, kindness, gentleness, and self-sacrifice upon which women could safely rely upon to raise a family.
There is some nefarious zeitgeist in the West that hates tough-minded men and would rather that they gaze self-absorbedly into a mirror while crying about not being born into the correct body and wasting their lives away on ‘fixing’ themselves.
Great article. Denying the spiritual dimension is disastrous. We are dependent on metaphysics as much as air, food and water given our inability to comprehend the origin, purpose and meaning of existence. Rationality and science are nowhere near enough on their own.
Your point becomes more obvious by each passing day. I pray for the reformation.
Thanks for the interesting and nicely written article. I’d take issue with the last few sentences. I’ve never had the impression that conservatism even slightly excludes those wishing to defend the sacred. Especialy not on a grassroots level. One of the main reasons Unherd is now my fave news site is that a substantial portion of the mostly conservative commenators here (BTL, but also some of the feature writers) are staunch defenders of the sacred.
Id agree it would be great if there was more re-sanctification / re-invigoratoin of the sacred by high profile conservatives (& LW politicians for that matter.) Youtuber Scott Mannion is great on the practical details of what this means. But I’d think even if all the leading lights got in on this, extreme Islam would still be attractive to some on the alt right. For example, even back in 2019 when I was looking at incel forums, I saw near majority respect for extreme Islam from the forum members, and this apparently had nothing to do with the sacred (I seem to remeber their own internal polls showed about 90% of them were unbelievers). It was more related to their view that without controling social forces like fundementalist religion, low status men are much more likely to miss out on sex and love. PS – not trying to say all incels are all alt right – some of them are even socialists, but there does seem to be considerable overlap.
Very interesting, well written, thought provoking piece. Thankyou.
I really liked this article for its clarity of the concepts it discusses – kudos to Unherd for finding such talented writers as Ms. Partridge. The key point the author makes for me is the astute observation that, Islam appears to have the strongest backbone in the West (particularly the English speaking West) for pushing back against Enlightenment narratives – both liberal and (left-wing) progressive.
Earlier I was taken by surprise reading Unherd founder Paul Marshal’s article taking the stance in standing up for the (pre-Enlightenment) Christian tradition as Roger Scruton might have (reading this article now).
An interesting cross-road here may be whether Christianity can find an accommodation with Islam (and vice versa). Consider that Islam wasn’t always seen with such hostility in conservative circles. Muslims were seen as the trustworthy citizens of the empire in colonial India. Muslim lands have been invaded by Westerners, their resources (e.g. oil) effectively commandeered, and just looking at the past few decades an astonishing number of civilians have been killed and written off as collateral damage in Syria, Libya, Afghanistan, and Iraq even to this very day in some cases. With pax-Americana on the back foot, we no longer hear about the “Global war on terror”, therefore the demonisation of the Muslims has ended. With Wokeism on the rise, one is more likely to hear about Islamophobia than Islamist terror in main stream media which is such a change to 10-20 years ago. An unexpected side-effect of this may end up being the rehabilitation of the Muslim.
Interesting question you ask about whether the two Religions can find an accommodation. However, as long as fundamental Islam is preached, I can not envision a path to that outcome. It’s hard to live side by side a massive group of people who literally believe the other is an infidel and must be eliminated.
Looking for traditional ideas in the mainstream culture or politics might be possible in Poland. They march in great numbers there for God and family there. In Dublin, Ireland, in a city square, a sea of young ladies greeted with enthusiasm the result of the abortion referendum there a few years ago. Not a hijab-wearing lady in sight (as one might predict with great confidence). A sea of indigenous young ladies saluting progress was the news footage beamed around the world. Dare anyone else young there disagree with them! I could not imagine such a cheerful reaction in Catholic Poland, even if an abortion referendum were held there and passed. Has there been? The one Irish county that had tainted things by voting against abortion, Donegal, was put down to the fact that its young people had left that remote and peaty place in order to find work — with the result that the presumed backward old-timers that were left made up the bulk of the voters.
The article here by E Partridge is a very thoughtful piece. The defence of the sacred, or even the culture of speaking up for it, must not be allowed to drift off or be scorned as backward and ancient in these supposedly enlightening times.
Perhaps the Taliban are patting each other on the back, crying out “Now we’re going places!” The fringe far-right elements who have, as the piece here puts it, misappropriated the unmoored and drifting-downstream ideological debris of devalued Western or conservative traditional values, are also doubtless patting each other on the back. They see themselves as “the boys” now. They may envy the Taliban as already men. A sneaking regard for them.
The EU is seemingly working on how to make Christmas more invisible. It has recently had to go back to the drawing board, its tail between its legs. But it is determined to succeed here.
No doubt the Right and the Left are both as eager as each other to forget Christmas once the January sales begin. Or, in America, after Thanksgiving, when Black Friday begins.
What a world, eh?